diff --git a/src/app/(admin)/admin/rounds/[roundId]/page.tsx b/src/app/(admin)/admin/rounds/[roundId]/page.tsx
index ef098fa..37e6852 100644
--- a/src/app/(admin)/admin/rounds/[roundId]/page.tsx
+++ b/src/app/(admin)/admin/rounds/[roundId]/page.tsx
@@ -2452,7 +2452,7 @@ function JuryProgressTable({ roundId }: { roundId: string }) {
                               disabled={reshuffleMutation.isPending}
                               onClick={() => {
                                 const ok = window.confirm(
-                                  `Reassign all pending/draft projects from ${juror.name} to other jurors within their caps? This cannot be undone.`
+                                  `Reassign all unsubmitted projects from ${juror.name} to other jurors within their caps? Submitted and locked evaluations will be preserved. This cannot be undone.`
                                 )
                                 if (!ok) return
                                 reshuffleMutation.mutate({ roundId, jurorId: juror.id })
diff --git a/src/server/routers/assignment.ts b/src/server/routers/assignment.ts
index 74fe9ad..4956b4b 100644
--- a/src/server/routers/assignment.ts
+++ b/src/server/routers/assignment.ts
@@ -107,17 +107,20 @@ export async function reassignAfterCOI(params: {
 
   const replacement = underLimit[0]
 
-  // Delete old assignment (cascade deletes COI record and any draft evaluation)
-  await prisma.assignment.delete({ where: { id: params.assignmentId } })
-
-  // Create new assignment
-  const newAssignment = await prisma.assignment.create({
-    data: {
-      userId: replacement.id,
-      projectId,
-      roundId,
-      method: 'MANUAL',
-    },
+  // Delete old assignment and create replacement atomically.
+  // Cascade deletes COI record and any draft evaluation.
+  const newAssignment = await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
+    await tx.assignment.delete({ where: { id: params.assignmentId } })
+    return tx.assignment.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: replacement.id,
+        projectId,
+        roundId,
+        juryGroupId: assignment.juryGroupId ?? assignment.round.juryGroupId ?? undefined,
+        isRequired: assignment.isRequired,
+        method: 'MANUAL',
+      },
+    })
   })
 
   // Notify the replacement juror
@@ -172,6 +175,9 @@ export async function reassignAfterCOI(params: {
   }
 }
 
+/** Evaluation statuses that are safe to move (not yet finalized). */
+const MOVABLE_EVAL_STATUSES = ['NOT_STARTED', 'DRAFT'] as const
+
 async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
   roundId: string
   droppedJurorId: string
@@ -203,18 +209,22 @@ async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
     (config.maxAssignmentsPerJuror as number) ??
     20
 
+  // Only pick assignments with no evaluation or evaluation still in draft/not-started.
+  // Explicitly enumerate movable statuses so SUBMITTED and LOCKED are never touched.
   const assignmentsToMove = await prisma.assignment.findMany({
     where: {
       roundId: params.roundId,
       userId: params.droppedJurorId,
       OR: [
         { evaluation: null },
-        { evaluation: { status: { not: 'SUBMITTED' } } },
+        { evaluation: { status: { in: [...MOVABLE_EVAL_STATUSES] } } },
       ],
     },
     select: {
       id: true,
       projectId: true,
+      juryGroupId: true,
+      isRequired: true,
       createdAt: true,
       project: { select: { title: true } },
     },
@@ -295,7 +305,14 @@ async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
   }
 
   const candidateMeta = new Map(candidateJurors.map((j) => [j.id, j]))
-  const moves: { assignmentId: string; projectId: string; projectTitle: string; newJurorId: string }[] = []
+  const plannedMoves: {
+    assignmentId: string
+    projectId: string
+    projectTitle: string
+    newJurorId: string
+    juryGroupId: string | null
+    isRequired: boolean
+  }[] = []
   const failedProjects: string[] = []
 
   for (const assignment of assignmentsToMove) {
@@ -315,44 +332,79 @@ async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
     }
 
     const selectedJurorId = eligible[0]
-    moves.push({
+    plannedMoves.push({
       assignmentId: assignment.id,
       projectId: assignment.projectId,
       projectTitle: assignment.project.title,
       newJurorId: selectedJurorId,
+      juryGroupId: assignment.juryGroupId ?? round.juryGroupId,
+      isRequired: assignment.isRequired,
     })
 
     alreadyAssigned.add(`${selectedJurorId}:${assignment.projectId}`)
     currentLoads.set(selectedJurorId, (currentLoads.get(selectedJurorId) ?? 0) + 1)
   }
 
-  if (moves.length > 0) {
+  // Execute moves inside a transaction with per-move TOCTOU guard.
+  // Uses conditional deleteMany so a concurrent evaluation submission
+  // (which sets status to SUBMITTED) causes the delete to return count=0
+  // instead of cascade-destroying the submitted evaluation.
+  const actualMoves: typeof plannedMoves = []
+  const skippedProjects: string[] = []
+
+  if (plannedMoves.length > 0) {
     await prisma.$transaction(async (tx) => {
-      for (const move of moves) {
-        await tx.assignment.delete({ where: { id: move.assignmentId } })
+      for (const move of plannedMoves) {
+        // Guard: only delete if the assignment still belongs to the dropped juror
+        // AND its evaluation (if any) is still in a movable state.
+        // If a juror submitted between our read and now, count will be 0.
+        const deleted = await tx.assignment.deleteMany({
+          where: {
+            id: move.assignmentId,
+            userId: params.droppedJurorId,
+            OR: [
+              { evaluation: null },
+              { evaluation: { status: { in: [...MOVABLE_EVAL_STATUSES] } } },
+            ],
+          },
+        })
+
+        if (deleted.count === 0) {
+          // Assignment was already moved, deleted, or its evaluation was submitted
+          skippedProjects.push(move.projectTitle)
+          continue
+        }
+
         await tx.assignment.create({
           data: {
             roundId: params.roundId,
             projectId: move.projectId,
             userId: move.newJurorId,
+            juryGroupId: move.juryGroupId ?? undefined,
+            isRequired: move.isRequired,
             method: 'MANUAL',
+            createdBy: params.auditUserId ?? undefined,
           },
         })
+        actualMoves.push(move)
       }
     })
   }
 
+  // Add skipped projects to the failed list
+  failedProjects.push(...skippedProjects)
+
   const reassignedTo: Record<string, number> = {}
-  for (const move of moves) {
+  for (const move of actualMoves) {
     reassignedTo[move.newJurorId] = (reassignedTo[move.newJurorId] ?? 0) + 1
   }
 
-  if (moves.length > 0) {
+  if (actualMoves.length > 0) {
     await createBulkNotifications({
       userIds: Object.keys(reassignedTo),
       type: NotificationTypes.BATCH_ASSIGNED,
       title: 'Additional Projects Assigned',
-      message: `You have received additional project assignment${Object.keys(reassignedTo).length > 1 ? 's' : ''} due to a jury reassignment in ${round.name}.`,
+      message: `You have received additional project assignments due to a jury reassignment in ${round.name}.`,
       linkUrl: `/jury/competitions`,
       linkLabel: 'View Assignments',
       metadata: { roundId: round.id, reason: 'juror_drop_reshuffle' },
@@ -369,12 +421,12 @@ async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
     await notifyAdmins({
       type: NotificationTypes.BATCH_ASSIGNED,
       title: 'Juror Dropout Reshuffle',
-      message: `Reassigned ${moves.length} project(s) from ${droppedName}. ${failedProjects.length > 0 ? `${failedProjects.length} project(s) could not be reassigned.` : 'All projects were reassigned.'}`,
+      message: `Reassigned ${actualMoves.length} project(s) from ${droppedName}. ${failedProjects.length > 0 ? `${failedProjects.length} project(s) could not be reassigned.` : 'All projects were reassigned.'}`,
       linkUrl: `/admin/rounds/${round.id}`,
       metadata: {
         roundId: round.id,
         droppedJurorId: droppedJuror.id,
-        movedCount: moves.length,
+        movedCount: actualMoves.length,
         failedCount: failedProjects.length,
         topReceivers,
       },
@@ -391,9 +443,10 @@ async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
       detailsJson: {
         droppedJurorId: droppedJuror.id,
         droppedJurorName: droppedJuror.name || droppedJuror.email,
-        movedCount: moves.length,
+        movedCount: actualMoves.length,
         failedCount: failedProjects.length,
         failedProjects,
+        skippedProjects,
         reassignedTo,
       },
       ipAddress: params.auditIp,
@@ -402,7 +455,7 @@ async function reassignDroppedJurorAssignments(params: {
   }
 
   return {
-    movedCount: moves.length,
+    movedCount: actualMoves.length,
     failedCount: failedProjects.length,
     failedProjects,
     reassignedTo,
diff --git a/tests/helpers.ts b/tests/helpers.ts
index 45ef674..160036f 100644
--- a/tests/helpers.ts
+++ b/tests/helpers.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import type {
   CompetitionStatus,
   ProjectRoundStateValue,
   AssignmentMethod,
+  EvaluationStatus,
 } from '@prisma/client'
 
 export function uid(prefix = 'test'): string {
@@ -176,6 +177,7 @@ export async function createTestAssignment(
   overrides: Partial<{
     method: AssignmentMethod
     isCompleted: boolean
+    juryGroupId: string
   }> = {},
 ) {
   return prisma.assignment.create({
@@ -185,6 +187,29 @@ export async function createTestAssignment(
       roundId,
       method: overrides.method ?? 'MANUAL',
       isCompleted: overrides.isCompleted ?? false,
+      juryGroupId: overrides.juryGroupId ?? undefined,
+    },
+  })
+}
+
+// ─── Evaluation Factory ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+export async function createTestEvaluation(
+  assignmentId: string,
+  formId: string,
+  overrides: Partial<{
+    status: 'NOT_STARTED' | 'DRAFT' | 'SUBMITTED' | 'LOCKED'
+    globalScore: number
+    submittedAt: Date
+  }> = {},
+) {
+  return prisma.evaluation.create({
+    data: {
+      assignmentId,
+      formId,
+      status: overrides.status ?? 'NOT_STARTED',
+      globalScore: overrides.globalScore ?? null,
+      submittedAt: overrides.submittedAt ?? null,
     },
   })
 }