diff --git a/docker/docker-entrypoint.sh b/docker/docker-entrypoint.sh
index 5767050..a7f2a0e 100644
--- a/docker/docker-entrypoint.sh
+++ b/docker/docker-entrypoint.sh
@@ -33,5 +33,9 @@ else
   echo "==> Database already seeded ($USER_COUNT users found), skipping seed."
 fi
 
+# Always sync notification email settings (upsert — safe for existing data)
+echo "==> Syncing notification email settings..."
+npx tsx prisma/seed-notification-settings.ts || echo "WARNING: Notification settings sync failed."
+
 echo "==> Starting application..."
 exec node server.js
diff --git a/prisma/seed-notification-settings.ts b/prisma/seed-notification-settings.ts
index 8add7ad..deefc7f 100644
--- a/prisma/seed-notification-settings.ts
+++ b/prisma/seed-notification-settings.ts
@@ -90,6 +90,20 @@ const NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_SETTINGS = [
     description: 'When multiple projects are assigned at once',
     sendEmail: true,
   },
+  {
+    notificationType: 'COI_REASSIGNED',
+    category: 'jury',
+    label: 'COI Reassignment',
+    description: 'When a project is reassigned to you due to another juror\'s conflict of interest',
+    sendEmail: true,
+  },
+  {
+    notificationType: 'MANUAL_REASSIGNED',
+    category: 'jury',
+    label: 'Manual Reassignment',
+    description: 'When an admin manually reassigns a project to you',
+    sendEmail: true,
+  },
   {
     notificationType: 'ROUND_NOW_OPEN',
     category: 'jury',
diff --git a/prisma/seed.ts b/prisma/seed.ts
index ce1d287..95bbbd5 100644
--- a/prisma/seed.ts
+++ b/prisma/seed.ts
@@ -920,6 +920,8 @@ async function main() {
     { notificationType: 'REMINDER_1H', category: 'jury', label: 'Reminder (1h)', description: 'Urgent reminder 1 hour before deadline', sendEmail: true },
     { notificationType: 'ROUND_CLOSED', category: 'jury', label: 'Round Closed', description: 'When a round closes', sendEmail: false },
     { notificationType: 'AWARD_VOTING_OPEN', category: 'jury', label: 'Award Voting Open', description: 'When special award voting opens', sendEmail: true },
+    { notificationType: 'COI_REASSIGNED', category: 'jury', label: 'COI Reassignment', description: 'When a project is reassigned to you due to another juror\'s conflict of interest', sendEmail: true },
+    { notificationType: 'MANUAL_REASSIGNED', category: 'jury', label: 'Manual Reassignment', description: 'When an admin manually reassigns a project to you', sendEmail: true },
     // Mentor notifications
     { notificationType: 'MENTEE_ASSIGNED', category: 'mentor', label: 'Mentee Assigned', description: 'When assigned as mentor to a project', sendEmail: true },
     { notificationType: 'MENTEE_UPLOADED_DOCS', category: 'mentor', label: 'Mentee Documents Updated', description: 'When a mentee uploads new documents', sendEmail: false },
diff --git a/src/components/forms/coi-declaration-dialog.tsx b/src/components/forms/coi-declaration-dialog.tsx
index 37266ca..7344a04 100644
--- a/src/components/forms/coi-declaration-dialog.tsx
+++ b/src/components/forms/coi-declaration-dialog.tsx
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import {
   SelectTrigger,
   SelectValue,
 } from '@/components/ui/select'
-import { Loader2, ShieldAlert } from 'lucide-react'
+import { AlertTriangle, Loader2, ShieldAlert } from 'lucide-react'
 import { toast } from 'sonner'
 
 interface COIDeclarationDialogProps {
@@ -39,22 +39,31 @@ export function COIDeclarationDialog({
   const [hasConflict, setHasConflict] = useState<boolean | null>(null)
   const [conflictType, setConflictType] = useState<string>('')
   const [description, setDescription] = useState('')
+  const [showConfirmation, setShowConfirmation] = useState(false)
 
   const declareCOI = trpc.evaluation.declareCOI.useMutation({
     onSuccess: (data) => {
       if (data.hasConflict) {
-        toast.info('Conflict of interest recorded. An admin will review your declaration.')
+        toast.info('Conflict of interest recorded. This project will be reassigned to another juror.')
       }
+      setShowConfirmation(false)
       onComplete(data.hasConflict)
     },
     onError: (error) => {
       toast.error(error.message || 'Failed to submit COI declaration')
+      setShowConfirmation(false)
     },
   })
 
   const handleSubmit = () => {
     if (hasConflict === null) return
 
+    // If declaring a conflict, show confirmation first
+    if (hasConflict && !showConfirmation) {
+      setShowConfirmation(true)
+      return
+    }
+
     declareCOI.mutate({
       assignmentId,
       hasConflict,
@@ -71,91 +80,132 @@ export function COIDeclarationDialog({
   return (
     <AlertDialog open={open}>
       <AlertDialogContent className="max-w-md">
-        <AlertDialogHeader>
-          <AlertDialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
-            <ShieldAlert className="h-5 w-5 text-amber-500" />
-            Conflict of Interest Declaration
-          </AlertDialogTitle>
-          <AlertDialogDescription>
-            Before evaluating &ldquo;{projectTitle}&rdquo;, please declare whether
-            you have any conflict of interest with this project.
-          </AlertDialogDescription>
-        </AlertDialogHeader>
-
-        <div className="space-y-4 py-2">
-          <div className="space-y-3">
-            <Label className="text-sm font-medium">
-              Do you have a conflict of interest with this project?
-            </Label>
-            <div className="flex gap-3">
+        {showConfirmation ? (
+          <>
+            <AlertDialogHeader>
+              <AlertDialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <AlertTriangle className="h-5 w-5 text-red-500" />
+                Confirm Conflict of Interest
+              </AlertDialogTitle>
+              <AlertDialogDescription asChild>
+                <div className="space-y-3">
+                  <p>
+                    Are you sure you want to declare a conflict of interest with
+                    &ldquo;{projectTitle}&rdquo;?
+                  </p>
+                  <div className="rounded-lg border border-red-200 bg-red-50 p-3 text-sm text-red-800">
+                    <strong>This action cannot be undone.</strong> The project will be
+                    removed from your assignments and reassigned to another juror.
+                  </div>
+                </div>
+              </AlertDialogDescription>
+            </AlertDialogHeader>
+            <AlertDialogFooter className="gap-2 sm:gap-0">
               <Button
-                type="button"
-                variant={hasConflict === false ? 'default' : 'outline'}
-                className="flex-1"
-                onClick={() => setHasConflict(false)}
+                variant="outline"
+                onClick={() => setShowConfirmation(false)}
+                disabled={declareCOI.isPending}
               >
-                No Conflict
+                Go Back
               </Button>
               <Button
-                type="button"
-                variant={hasConflict === true ? 'destructive' : 'outline'}
-                className="flex-1"
-                onClick={() => setHasConflict(true)}
+                variant="destructive"
+                onClick={handleSubmit}
+                disabled={declareCOI.isPending}
               >
-                Yes, I Have a Conflict
+                {declareCOI.isPending && (
+                  <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
+                )}
+                Yes, Confirm COI
               </Button>
-            </div>
-          </div>
+            </AlertDialogFooter>
+          </>
+        ) : (
+          <>
+            <AlertDialogHeader>
+              <AlertDialogTitle className="flex items-center gap-2">
+                <ShieldAlert className="h-5 w-5 text-amber-500" />
+                Conflict of Interest Declaration
+              </AlertDialogTitle>
+              <AlertDialogDescription>
+                Before evaluating &ldquo;{projectTitle}&rdquo;, please declare whether
+                you have any conflict of interest with this project.
+              </AlertDialogDescription>
+            </AlertDialogHeader>
 
-          {hasConflict && (
-            <>
-              <div className="space-y-2">
-                <Label htmlFor="conflict-type">Type of Conflict</Label>
-                <Select value={conflictType} onValueChange={setConflictType}>
-                  <SelectTrigger id="conflict-type">
-                    <SelectValue placeholder="Select conflict type..." />
-                  </SelectTrigger>
-                  <SelectContent>
-                    <SelectItem value="financial">Financial Interest</SelectItem>
-                    <SelectItem value="personal">Personal Relationship</SelectItem>
-                    <SelectItem value="organizational">Organizational Affiliation</SelectItem>
-                    <SelectItem value="other">Other</SelectItem>
-                  </SelectContent>
-                </Select>
-              </div>
-
-              <div className="space-y-2">
-                <Label htmlFor="conflict-description">
-                  Description <span className="text-muted-foreground">(optional)</span>
+            <div className="space-y-4 py-2">
+              <div className="space-y-3">
+                <Label className="text-sm font-medium">
+                  Do you have a conflict of interest with this project?
                 </Label>
-                <Textarea
-                  id="conflict-description"
-                  placeholder="Briefly describe the nature of your conflict..."
-                  value={description}
-                  onChange={(e) => setDescription(e.target.value)}
-                  rows={3}
-                  maxLength={1000}
-                />
+                <div className="flex gap-3">
+                  <Button
+                    type="button"
+                    variant={hasConflict === false ? 'default' : 'outline'}
+                    className="flex-1"
+                    onClick={() => setHasConflict(false)}
+                  >
+                    No Conflict
+                  </Button>
+                  <Button
+                    type="button"
+                    variant={hasConflict === true ? 'destructive' : 'outline'}
+                    className="flex-1"
+                    onClick={() => setHasConflict(true)}
+                  >
+                    Yes, I Have a Conflict
+                  </Button>
+                </div>
               </div>
-            </>
-          )}
-        </div>
 
-        <AlertDialogFooter>
-          <Button
-            onClick={handleSubmit}
-            disabled={!canSubmit}
-          >
-            {declareCOI.isPending && (
-              <Loader2 className="mr-2 h-4 w-4 animate-spin" />
-            )}
-            {hasConflict === null
-              ? 'Select an option'
-              : hasConflict
-                ? 'Submit Declaration'
-                : 'Confirm No Conflict'}
-          </Button>
-        </AlertDialogFooter>
+              {hasConflict && (
+                <>
+                  <div className="space-y-2">
+                    <Label htmlFor="conflict-type">Type of Conflict</Label>
+                    <Select value={conflictType} onValueChange={setConflictType}>
+                      <SelectTrigger id="conflict-type">
+                        <SelectValue placeholder="Select conflict type..." />
+                      </SelectTrigger>
+                      <SelectContent>
+                        <SelectItem value="financial">Financial Interest</SelectItem>
+                        <SelectItem value="personal">Personal Relationship</SelectItem>
+                        <SelectItem value="organizational">Organizational Affiliation</SelectItem>
+                        <SelectItem value="other">Other</SelectItem>
+                      </SelectContent>
+                    </Select>
+                  </div>
+
+                  <div className="space-y-2">
+                    <Label htmlFor="conflict-description">
+                      Description <span className="text-muted-foreground">(optional)</span>
+                    </Label>
+                    <Textarea
+                      id="conflict-description"
+                      placeholder="Briefly describe the nature of your conflict..."
+                      value={description}
+                      onChange={(e) => setDescription(e.target.value)}
+                      rows={3}
+                      maxLength={1000}
+                    />
+                  </div>
+                </>
+              )}
+            </div>
+
+            <AlertDialogFooter>
+              <Button
+                onClick={handleSubmit}
+                disabled={!canSubmit}
+              >
+                {hasConflict === null
+                  ? 'Select an option'
+                  : hasConflict
+                    ? 'Submit Declaration'
+                    : 'Confirm No Conflict'}
+              </Button>
+            </AlertDialogFooter>
+          </>
+        )}
       </AlertDialogContent>
     </AlertDialog>
   )
diff --git a/src/lib/email.ts b/src/lib/email.ts
index d3b6fc6..c7e1761 100644
--- a/src/lib/email.ts
+++ b/src/lib/email.ts
@@ -943,6 +943,140 @@ Together for a healthier ocean.
   }
 }
 
+/**
+ * Generate "COI Reassignment" email template (for jury receiving a reassigned project)
+ */
+function getCOIReassignedTemplate(
+  name: string,
+  projectName: string,
+  roundName: string,
+  deadline?: string,
+  assignmentsUrl?: string
+): EmailTemplate {
+  const greeting = name ? `Hello ${name},` : 'Hello,'
+
+  const projectCard = `
+<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="margin: 20px 0;">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="background-color: #fef3c7; border-left: 4px solid #f59e0b; border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0; padding: 20px 24px;">
+      <p style="color: ${BRAND.textMuted}; margin: 0 0 4px 0; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;">Reassigned Project</p>
+      <p style="color: ${BRAND.darkBlue}; margin: 0; font-size: 18px; font-weight: 700;">${projectName}</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+`
+
+  const deadlineBox = deadline ? `
+<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="margin: 20px 0;">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="background-color: #fef2f2; border-left: 4px solid ${BRAND.red}; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 16px 20px;">
+      <p style="color: #991b1b; margin: 0 0 4px 0; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;">Deadline</p>
+      <p style="color: #7f1d1d; margin: 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">${deadline}</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+` : ''
+
+  const content = `
+    ${sectionTitle(greeting)}
+    ${paragraph(`A project has been <strong>reassigned to you</strong> for evaluation in <strong style="color: ${BRAND.darkBlue};">${roundName}</strong>, because the previously assigned juror declared a conflict of interest.`)}
+    ${projectCard}
+    ${deadlineBox}
+    ${paragraph('Please review the project materials and submit your evaluation before the deadline. This is an additional project on top of your existing assignments.')}
+    ${assignmentsUrl ? ctaButton(assignmentsUrl, 'View Assignment') : ''}
+  `
+
+  return {
+    subject: `Project Reassigned to You: "${projectName}" - ${roundName}`,
+    html: getEmailWrapper(content),
+    text: `
+${greeting}
+
+A project has been reassigned to you for evaluation in ${roundName}, because the previously assigned juror declared a conflict of interest.
+
+Project: ${projectName}
+${deadline ? `Deadline: ${deadline}` : ''}
+
+Please review the project materials and submit your evaluation before the deadline. This is an additional project on top of your existing assignments.
+
+${assignmentsUrl ? `View assignment: ${assignmentsUrl}` : ''}
+
+---
+Monaco Ocean Protection Challenge
+Together for a healthier ocean.
+    `,
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generate "Manual Reassignment" email template (for jury)
+ * Sent when an admin manually transfers a project assignment to a juror.
+ */
+function getManualReassignedTemplate(
+  name: string,
+  projectNames: string[],
+  roundName: string,
+  deadline?: string,
+  assignmentsUrl?: string
+): EmailTemplate {
+  const greeting = name ? `Hello ${name},` : 'Hello,'
+  const count = projectNames.length
+  const isSingle = count === 1
+
+  const projectList = projectNames.map((p) => `
+<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="margin: 8px 0;">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="background-color: #eff6ff; border-left: 4px solid ${BRAND.darkBlue}; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 14px 20px;">
+      <p style="color: ${BRAND.darkBlue}; margin: 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">${p}</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+`).join('')
+
+  const deadlineBox = deadline ? `
+<table role="presentation" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="margin: 20px 0;">
+  <tr>
+    <td style="background-color: #fef2f2; border-left: 4px solid ${BRAND.red}; border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0; padding: 16px 20px;">
+      <p style="color: #991b1b; margin: 0 0 4px 0; font-size: 11px; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;">Deadline</p>
+      <p style="color: #7f1d1d; margin: 0; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 700;">${deadline}</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+` : ''
+
+  const content = `
+    ${sectionTitle(greeting)}
+    ${paragraph(`An administrator has <strong>reassigned ${isSingle ? 'a project' : `${count} projects`}</strong> to you for evaluation in <strong style="color: ${BRAND.darkBlue};">${roundName}</strong>.`)}
+    ${projectList}
+    ${deadlineBox}
+    ${paragraph(`Please review the project material${isSingle ? '' : 's'} and submit your evaluation${isSingle ? '' : 's'} before the deadline.`)}
+    ${assignmentsUrl ? ctaButton(assignmentsUrl, 'View Assignments') : ''}
+  `
+
+  const projectListText = projectNames.map((p) => `  - ${p}`).join('\n')
+
+  return {
+    subject: `Project${isSingle ? '' : 's'} Reassigned to You - ${roundName}`,
+    html: getEmailWrapper(content),
+    text: `
+${greeting}
+
+An administrator has reassigned ${isSingle ? 'a project' : `${count} projects`} to you for evaluation in ${roundName}.
+
+${isSingle ? `Project: ${projectNames[0]}` : `Projects:\n${projectListText}`}
+${deadline ? `Deadline: ${deadline}` : ''}
+
+Please review the project material${isSingle ? '' : 's'} and submit your evaluation${isSingle ? '' : 's'} before the deadline.
+
+${assignmentsUrl ? `View assignments: ${assignmentsUrl}` : ''}
+
+---
+Monaco Ocean Protection Challenge
+Together for a healthier ocean.
+    `,
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Generate "Batch Assigned" email template (for jury)
  */
@@ -1527,6 +1661,22 @@ export const NOTIFICATION_EMAIL_TEMPLATES: Record<string, TemplateGenerator> = {
       ctx.metadata?.deadline as string | undefined,
       ctx.linkUrl
     ),
+  COI_REASSIGNED: (ctx) =>
+    getCOIReassignedTemplate(
+      ctx.name || '',
+      (ctx.metadata?.projectName as string) || 'Project',
+      (ctx.metadata?.roundName as string) || 'this round',
+      ctx.metadata?.deadline as string | undefined,
+      ctx.linkUrl
+    ),
+  MANUAL_REASSIGNED: (ctx) =>
+    getManualReassignedTemplate(
+      ctx.name || '',
+      (ctx.metadata?.projectNames as string[]) || [(ctx.metadata?.projectName as string) || 'Project'],
+      (ctx.metadata?.roundName as string) || 'this round',
+      ctx.metadata?.deadline as string | undefined,
+      ctx.linkUrl
+    ),
   BATCH_ASSIGNED: (ctx) =>
     getBatchAssignedTemplate(
       ctx.name || '',
diff --git a/src/server/routers/assignment.ts b/src/server/routers/assignment.ts
index c03b4b1..5e09870 100644
--- a/src/server/routers/assignment.ts
+++ b/src/server/routers/assignment.ts
@@ -46,21 +46,51 @@ export async function reassignAfterCOI(params: {
     (config.maxAssignmentsPerJuror as number) ??
     20
 
-  // Get all jurors already assigned to this project in this round
-  const existingAssignments = await prisma.assignment.findMany({
-    where: { roundId, projectId },
+  // ── Build exclusion set: jurors who must NEVER get this project ──────────
+
+  // 1. Currently assigned to this project in ANY round (not just current)
+  const allProjectAssignments = await prisma.assignment.findMany({
+    where: { projectId },
     select: { userId: true },
   })
-  const alreadyAssignedIds = new Set(existingAssignments.map((a) => a.userId))
+  const excludedUserIds = new Set(allProjectAssignments.map((a) => a.userId))
 
-  // Get all COI records for this project (any juror who declared conflict)
+  // 2. COI records for this project (any juror who declared conflict, ever)
   const coiRecords = await prisma.conflictOfInterest.findMany({
     where: { projectId, hasConflict: true },
     select: { userId: true },
   })
-  const coiUserIds = new Set(coiRecords.map((c) => c.userId))
+  for (const c of coiRecords) excludedUserIds.add(c.userId)
+
+  // 3. Historical: jurors who previously had this project but were removed
+  //    (via COI reassignment or admin transfer — tracked in audit logs)
+  const historicalAuditLogs = await prisma.decisionAuditLog.findMany({
+    where: {
+      eventType: { in: ['COI_REASSIGNMENT', 'ASSIGNMENT_TRANSFER'] },
+      detailsJson: { path: ['projectId'], equals: projectId },
+    },
+    select: { detailsJson: true },
+  })
+  for (const log of historicalAuditLogs) {
+    const details = log.detailsJson as Record<string, unknown> | null
+    if (!details) continue
+    // COI_REASSIGNMENT logs: oldJurorId had the project, newJurorId got it
+    if (details.oldJurorId) excludedUserIds.add(details.oldJurorId as string)
+    // ASSIGNMENT_TRANSFER logs: sourceJurorId lost the project
+    if (details.sourceJurorId) excludedUserIds.add(details.sourceJurorId as string)
+    // Transfer logs may have a moves array with per-project details
+    if (Array.isArray(details.moves)) {
+      for (const move of details.moves as Array<Record<string, unknown>>) {
+        if (move.projectId === projectId && move.newJurorId) {
+          // The juror who received via past transfer also had it
+          excludedUserIds.add(move.newJurorId as string)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // ── Find candidate jurors ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-  // Find eligible jurors: in the jury group (or all JURY_MEMBERs), not already assigned, no COI
   let candidateJurors: { id: string; name: string | null; email: string; maxAssignments: number | null }[]
 
   if (assignment.round.juryGroupId) {
@@ -92,34 +122,51 @@ export async function reassignAfterCOI(params: {
       : []
   }
 
-  // Filter out already assigned and COI jurors
-  const eligible = candidateJurors.filter(
-    (j) => !alreadyAssignedIds.has(j.id) && !coiUserIds.has(j.id)
-  )
+  // Filter out all excluded jurors (current assignments, COI, historical)
+  const eligible = candidateJurors.filter((j) => !excludedUserIds.has(j.id))
 
   if (eligible.length === 0) return null
 
-  // Get current assignment counts for eligible jurors in this round
-  const counts = await prisma.assignment.groupBy({
-    by: ['userId'],
-    where: { roundId, userId: { in: eligible.map((j) => j.id) } },
-    _count: true,
+  // ── Score eligible jurors: prefer those with incomplete evaluations ──────
+
+  const eligibleIds = eligible.map((j) => j.id)
+
+  // Get assignment counts and evaluation completion for eligible jurors in this round
+  const roundAssignments = await prisma.assignment.findMany({
+    where: { roundId, userId: { in: eligibleIds } },
+    select: { userId: true, evaluation: { select: { status: true } } },
   })
-  const countMap = new Map(counts.map((c) => [c.userId, c._count]))
 
-  // Find jurors under their limit, sorted by fewest assignments (load balancing)
-  const underLimit = eligible
-    .map((j) => ({
-      ...j,
-      currentCount: countMap.get(j.id) || 0,
-      effectiveMax: j.maxAssignments ?? maxAssignmentsPerJuror,
-    }))
+  // Build per-juror stats: total assignments, completed evaluations
+  const jurorStats = new Map<string, { total: number; completed: number }>()
+  for (const a of roundAssignments) {
+    const stats = jurorStats.get(a.userId) || { total: 0, completed: 0 }
+    stats.total++
+    if (a.evaluation?.status === 'SUBMITTED' || a.evaluation?.status === 'LOCKED') {
+      stats.completed++
+    }
+    jurorStats.set(a.userId, stats)
+  }
+
+  // Rank jurors: under cap, then prefer those still working (completed < total)
+  const ranked = eligible
+    .map((j) => {
+      const stats = jurorStats.get(j.id) || { total: 0, completed: 0 }
+      const effectiveMax = j.maxAssignments ?? maxAssignmentsPerJuror
+      const hasIncomplete = stats.completed < stats.total
+      return { ...j, currentCount: stats.total, effectiveMax, hasIncomplete }
+    })
     .filter((j) => j.currentCount < j.effectiveMax)
-    .sort((a, b) => a.currentCount - b.currentCount)
+    .sort((a, b) => {
+      // 1. Prefer jurors with incomplete evaluations (still active)
+      if (a.hasIncomplete !== b.hasIncomplete) return a.hasIncomplete ? -1 : 1
+      // 2. Then fewest current assignments (load balancing)
+      return a.currentCount - b.currentCount
+    })
 
-  if (underLimit.length === 0) return null
+  if (ranked.length === 0) return null
 
-  const replacement = underLimit[0]
+  const replacement = ranked[0]
 
   // Delete old assignment and create replacement atomically.
   // Cascade deletes COI record and any draft evaluation.
@@ -137,15 +184,15 @@ export async function reassignAfterCOI(params: {
     })
   })
 
-  // Notify the replacement juror
+  // Notify the replacement juror (COI-specific notification)
   await createNotification({
     userId: replacement.id,
-    type: NotificationTypes.ASSIGNED_TO_PROJECT,
-    title: 'New Project Assigned',
-    message: `You have been assigned to evaluate "${assignment.project.title}" for ${assignment.round.name}.`,
+    type: NotificationTypes.COI_REASSIGNED,
+    title: 'Project Reassigned to You (COI)',
+    message: `The project "${assignment.project.title}" has been reassigned to you for ${assignment.round.name} because the previously assigned juror declared a conflict of interest.`,
     linkUrl: `/jury/competitions`,
     linkLabel: 'View Assignment',
-    metadata: { projectId, roundName: assignment.round.name },
+    metadata: { projectId, projectName: assignment.project.title, roundName: assignment.round.name },
   })
 
   // Notify admins of the reassignment
@@ -2397,22 +2444,28 @@ export const assignmentRouter = router({
         })
       }
 
-      // Notify destination jurors
+      // Notify destination jurors with per-juror project names
       if (actualMoves.length > 0) {
-        const destCounts: Record<string, number> = {}
+        const destMoves: Record<string, string[]> = {}
         for (const move of actualMoves) {
-          destCounts[move.destinationJurorId] = (destCounts[move.destinationJurorId] ?? 0) + 1
+          if (!destMoves[move.destinationJurorId]) destMoves[move.destinationJurorId] = []
+          destMoves[move.destinationJurorId].push(move.projectTitle)
         }
 
-        await createBulkNotifications({
-          userIds: Object.keys(destCounts),
-          type: NotificationTypes.BATCH_ASSIGNED,
-          title: 'Additional Projects Assigned',
-          message: `You have received additional project assignments via transfer in ${round.name}.`,
-          linkUrl: `/jury/competitions`,
-          linkLabel: 'View Assignments',
-          metadata: { roundId: round.id, reason: 'assignment_transfer' },
-        })
+        for (const [jurorId, projectNames] of Object.entries(destMoves)) {
+          const count = projectNames.length
+          await createNotification({
+            userId: jurorId,
+            type: NotificationTypes.MANUAL_REASSIGNED,
+            title: count === 1 ? 'Project Reassigned to You' : `${count} Projects Reassigned to You`,
+            message: count === 1
+              ? `The project "${projectNames[0]}" has been reassigned to you for evaluation in ${round.name}.`
+              : `${count} projects have been reassigned to you for evaluation in ${round.name}: ${projectNames.join(', ')}.`,
+            linkUrl: `/jury/competitions`,
+            linkLabel: 'View Assignments',
+            metadata: { roundId: round.id, roundName: round.name, projectNames, reason: 'admin_transfer' },
+          })
+        }
 
         // Notify admins
         const sourceJuror = await ctx.prisma.user.findUnique({
@@ -2421,10 +2474,10 @@ export const assignmentRouter = router({
         })
         const sourceName = sourceJuror?.name || sourceJuror?.email || 'Unknown'
 
-        const topReceivers = Object.entries(destCounts)
-          .map(([jurorId, count]) => {
+        const topReceivers = Object.entries(destMoves)
+          .map(([jurorId, projects]) => {
             const u = destUserMap.get(jurorId)
-            return `${u?.name || u?.email || jurorId} (${count})`
+            return `${u?.name || u?.email || jurorId} (${projects.length})`
           })
           .join(', ')
 
diff --git a/src/server/services/in-app-notification.ts b/src/server/services/in-app-notification.ts
index 71b6f68..242603f 100644
--- a/src/server/services/in-app-notification.ts
+++ b/src/server/services/in-app-notification.ts
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ export const NotificationTypes = {
 
   // Jury notifications
   ASSIGNED_TO_PROJECT: 'ASSIGNED_TO_PROJECT',
+  COI_REASSIGNED: 'COI_REASSIGNED',
+  MANUAL_REASSIGNED: 'MANUAL_REASSIGNED',
   BATCH_ASSIGNED: 'BATCH_ASSIGNED',
   PROJECT_UPDATED: 'PROJECT_UPDATED',
   ROUND_NOW_OPEN: 'ROUND_NOW_OPEN',
@@ -100,6 +102,8 @@ export const NotificationIcons: Record<string, string> = {
   [NotificationTypes.BULK_APPLICATIONS]: 'Files',
   [NotificationTypes.DOCUMENTS_UPLOADED]: 'Upload',
   [NotificationTypes.ASSIGNED_TO_PROJECT]: 'ClipboardList',
+  [NotificationTypes.COI_REASSIGNED]: 'RefreshCw',
+  [NotificationTypes.MANUAL_REASSIGNED]: 'ArrowRightLeft',
   [NotificationTypes.ROUND_NOW_OPEN]: 'PlayCircle',
   [NotificationTypes.REMINDER_24H]: 'Clock',
   [NotificationTypes.REMINDER_1H]: 'AlertCircle',
@@ -125,6 +129,8 @@ export const NotificationPriorities: Record<string, NotificationPriority> = {
   [NotificationTypes.REMINDER_1H]: 'urgent',
   [NotificationTypes.SYSTEM_ERROR]: 'urgent',
   [NotificationTypes.ASSIGNED_TO_PROJECT]: 'high',
+  [NotificationTypes.COI_REASSIGNED]: 'high',
+  [NotificationTypes.MANUAL_REASSIGNED]: 'high',
   [NotificationTypes.ROUND_NOW_OPEN]: 'high',
   [NotificationTypes.DEADLINE_24H]: 'high',
   [NotificationTypes.REMINDER_24H]: 'high',